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HMNZS ''Te Mana'' (F111) is one of ten ''Anzac'' class frigates and one of two serving in the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). The name ''Te Mana'' is Māori, approximately translating as 'status' or 'authority' (for further information on this term, see Mana). The ship was laid down under the joint Anzac project by Tenix Defence Systems at Williamstown, Victoria in 1996, launched in 1997, and commissioned into the RNZN in 1999. In 2003 and 2004 and 2013–14, ''Te Mana'' was deployed on operations in the Arabian Sea. In 2005, she became the first New Zealand warship to visit a Russian port, Vladivostock. 5 August 2015 saw her emerge from the dry docks at Devonport Naval Base wearing the US Navy 'Haze Grey' coating, following the ships major systems upgrade which has currently seen her in a long refit. It is understood that ''Te Mana'' will soon begin work-up exercises to return her back into the fleet. ==Design and construction== (詳細は''Leander'' class frigates.〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 23–5〕 Around the same time, a deterioration in New Zealand-United States relations forced the New Zealand government to improve ties with local nations.〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 26–7〕 As the Royal Australian Navy was seeking to replace their River class destroyer escorts with ships nearly identical to what the RNZN wanted, the two nations decided to collaborate on the acquisition in early 1987.〔Jones, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', pp. 244–5〕〔Fairall-Lee, Miller, & Murphy, in Forbes, ''Sea Power'', p. 336〕〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 27–9〕 Tenders had been requested in 1986, and 12 ship designs (including an airship) were submitted.〔Jones, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 244〕〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', p. 30〕 By August 1987, these were narrowed down in October to Blohm + Voss's MEKO 200 design, the M class (later ''Karel Doorman'' class) offered by Royal Schelde, and a scaled-down Type 23 frigate proposed by Yarrow Shipbuilders.〔Jones, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 245〕〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', p. 31〕 In 1989, the Australian government announced that Melbourne-based shipbuilder AMECON (which became Tenix Defense) would build the modified MEKO 200 design.〔〔〔Grazebrook, ''Anzac frigates sail diverging courses''〕 However, the decision to buy the frigates had been highly controversial in New Zealand, primarily because of the cost of purchasing frigate-type ships, plus the idea that the high-capability warships would be too few and too overspecialised for the fisheries and Economic Exclusion Zone (EEZ) patrols expected to be the RNZN's core operations.〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 31–2〕 Despite ongoing debate, the New Zealand government agreed to purchase two frigates in addition to the RAN's eight, and had an option for two more.〔Wertheim (ed.), ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', p. 504〕〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 43–4〕 This option expired in 1997 without the New Zealanders acting upon it; there were proposals to buy a new or second-hand ''Anzac'' outside the terms of the original contract, but a lack of political support stopped this developing, and the number built for the RNZN remained at two.〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 81–6〕 The drop in capability and the issue of tying up the ''Anzac''s on EEZ patrols when they could be deployed more suitably elsewhere were factors leading to the RNZN's Project Protector acquisition program.〔McKinnon, ''New Zealand's navy follows a new heading''〕 The ''Anzac''s are based on Blohm + Voss' MEKO 200 PN (or ''Vasco da Gama'' class) frigates, modified to meet Australian and New Zealand specifications and maximise the use of locally built equipment.〔〔 Each frigate has a full load displacement.〔Sharpe (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships 1998–99'', pgs. 25, 470〕 The ships are long at the waterline, and long overall, with a beam of , and a full load draught of .〔 The ships are fitted with a Combined Diesel or Gas (CODOG) propulsion machinery layout, consisting of two controllable-pitch propellers driven by a single General Electric LM2500-30 gas turbine and two MTU diesel engines: initially the TB83 model, but these were replaced in 2010 with more powerful TB93s.〔〔〔Scott, ''New Zealand invests in ANZAC upgrade path''〕 Maximum speed is , and maximum range is over at ; about 50% greater than other MEKO 200 designs.〔〔〔Wertheim, ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', p. 505〕 The standard ship's company of an ''Anzac'' consists of 22 officers and 141 sailors.〔 As designed, the main armament for the frigate is a 5-inch 54 calibre Mark 45 gun, supplemented by an eight-cell Mark 41 vertical launch system for RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, two machine guns, and two Mark 32 triple torpedo tube sets firing Mark 46 torpedoes.〔〔 They were also designed for but not with a close-in weapons system (a Phalanx CIWS installed shortly after the frigate's completion, supplemented by two Mini Typhoons from 2006 onwards), two quad-canister Harpoon missile launchers, and a second Mark 41 launcher (neither of which have been added to the New Zealand ships).〔〔Greener, ''Timing is Everything'', p. 46〕〔Scott, ''Enhanced small-calibre systems offer shipborne stopping power''〕 The New Zealand ''Anzac''s initially operated with a Westland Wasp helicopter, which were later replaced by Kaman SH-2 Seasprites, then Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite helicopters.〔〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 46–7〕 ''Te Mana'' was laid down at Williamstown, Victoria on 18 May 1996. The ship was assembled from six hull modules and six superstructure modules; the superstructure modules were fabricated in Whangarei, New Zealand, and hull modules were built at both Williamstown and Newcastle, New South Wales, with final integration at Williamstown.〔 She was launched on 10 May 1997 by the Maori Queen, Dame Te Atairangikaahu, and commissioned into the RNZN on 10 December 1999 in her ceremonial homeport of Tauranga.〔〔Royal New Zealand Navy Museum, ''HMAS Te Mana F111''〕 In early 2002, microscopic cracks in ''Te Mana''s bilge keel and hull plating were discovered.〔〔Wertheim, ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', p. 21〕 This problem, which was common to the first four ships of the ''Anzac'' class, was later rectified.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMNZS Te Mana (F111)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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